|
''Biophilia'' is the eighth studio album by Icelandic recording artist Björk. It was released on October 5, 2011, by One Little Indian Records and distributed by Nonesuch Records in North America and by Universal Music Group in the rest of the world. It can be categorized as avant-garde music, alternative dance and experimental music. Björk composed it as a concept album during the 2008–11 Icelandic financial crisis, exploring the links between nature, music and technology. Billed as the first "app album", ''Biophilia ''is a multimedia project released alongside a series of apps linking the album's themes to musicology concepts. It was followed by a series of educational workshops in four continents. Four singles were issued before the album's release in 2011. "Crystalline", co-produced with English dubstep duo 16bit, was released as the lead single on June 28, 2011, accompanied by a music video directed by longtime collaborator Michel Gondry. It was followed by the singles "Cosmogony", "Virus" and "Moon". Björk promoted the album with the Biophilia Tour, which began at the Manchester International Festival in June 2011 and ended in September 2013. A bonus track on the deluxe edition of ''Biophilia'', "Náttúra", was released as a digital single in 2008 around the time the ''Biophilia'' project began. "Náttúra" was added as part of a series of bonus tracks after an early online leak of the album weeks before its release date. ''Biophilia ''received critical acclaim and was named one of the best albums of 2011 by several publications; it was nominated for two awards at the 55th Grammy Awards in 2013, winning Best Recording Package. It debuted in the top 40 of every chart it entered worldwide, topping the Taiwan chart and peaking in the top 5 in Iceland, France and Denmark. In 2014, ''Biophilia'' became the first app included in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York. ''Biophilia ''was followed by two remix series in 2011 and 2012, collected in the remix album ''Bastards'' (2012), and music videos for the songs "Moon", "Crystalline", "Hollow" and "Mutual Core". The recording of the album was documented in the 2013 film ''When Björk Met Attenborough'' and the tour by the 2014 concert film ''Biophilia Live.'' ==Background== ''Biophilia ''grew from Björk's interest in nature and concerns about the environment. In June 2008, she performed a concert with the Icelandic band Sigur Rós to raise awareness about the use of Iceland's natural resources in aluminium melting plants. She founded the Náttúra organisation to promote Icelandic nature and grassroots industries, and released a single, "Náttúra", on October 20, 2008. A week later, Björk wrote an article for ''The Times'' discussing the proposed sale of natural resources to ease the Icelandic financial crisis. In collaboration with Audur Capital, she set up a venture capital fund to support sustainable industries in Iceland. On June 30, 2010, Björk and Dirty Projectors released a joint EP, ''Mount Wittenberg Orca,'' with proceeds going to marine protected areas.〔 In September 2010, the renewable power company Magma Energy acquired 98.5% of shares in the Icelandic geothermal power company HS Orka. On May 21, 2010, Björk wrote an open letter to the ''Reykjavík Grapevine'' calling on the Icelandic government to "do everything in its power to revoke the contracts with Magma Energy". After the deal was approved by the Icelandic Government,〔 〕 Björk launched a petition and promoted it with a performance at the Nordic House in Reykjavík on July 19. At the end of 2010, Björk confirmed she was working on a new album. In an interview published on ''Fréttablaðið'' she stated that the project was half-complete and that she hoped to tour before the end of 2011. On January 6, 2011 she started a three-day public karaoke marathon to protest the Magma Energy deal; the accompanying petition was signed by 47,000 people. The petition was welcomed by Iceland prime minister Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir. The app Solar System, made by Touch Press, came out in January 2011, and featured a new instrumental track by Björk as an introduction. The demo track was confirmed to be a part of the upcoming ''Biophilia'' project. The details of the project were announced when the first Biophilia live show was announced for the Manchester International Festival in June 2011. ''Biophilia'' was stated to encompass music, apps, internet, installations and live shows.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/10006/1/bjork-unveils-live-residency )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Biophilia (album)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|